陆舜教授: 有的放矢,做肺癌研究领域的“领潮儿”
陆舜教授:沃利替尼有望成为首个代表中国走向全球的肺癌靶向创新药物
传承与发展丨长三角肺癌代表性论著阶段汇总
积石成山丨上海交通大学附属胸科医院陆舜教授团队代表性论著阶段汇总
走进中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院(浙江省肿瘤医院)I期临床试验病房
引言:近年来肺癌的高发病率和死亡率,让不少人都谈“癌”色变。中国在肺癌的治疗和临床研究进展如何?面临什么样挑战?作为在肺癌领域颇有建树的上海胸科医院又经历哪些发展和变化?带着这些疑问,我们有幸采访了在肺癌领域造诣颇深的陆舜教授。
数字见证发展,人才引领未来
谈到胸科医院肿瘤科的发展史,陆教授满脸的自豪。肿瘤科的成立得益于两位极具话语权的前辈——廖美琳、周允中教授。这两位老师在2000年意识到肿瘤治疗不是单一学科能够解决的,这一前瞻性的认识推动了肿瘤科的成立。2006年,肿瘤科成立,使得内外科真正整合在了一起,完成了多学科团队的建设。作为胸科医院临床大科室中最年轻的科室,肿瘤科建科十多年来,发展日新月异。从建科时只有500例的手术量到去年2500例的突破;内科治疗的入院人次从2000到9000的超越;从获得省市级科研项目再到拿下国家重大专项研究的飞跃;科室团队发表的SCI文章从无到有,再到每年40多分的姣好成绩;这些数字见证了肿瘤科一个又一个的里程碑,其整体的规模、人员的素质都在突飞猛进。通过十多年的建设,团队的凝聚力、专业技术使得胸科医院肿瘤科走在中国肺癌领域的前端,与其他同道共同推动着中国肺癌工作的进展。
作为内外科兼具的肿瘤科的主任,陆教授对于内科和外科的见解很深刻。陆教授认为外科的发展重点在于“一大一小“:“大”到器官移植(肺移植)、人工器官的替换,“小”到微创手术,而肿瘤科在这两方面都极具人才优势。完成瑞士苏黎世大学医学博士和博士后培训的谭强教授,在组织工程方面造诣颇深,成功完成了人工气管的手术,再生医学也是其研究的重点方向。进行中国第一例机器人达芬奇肺癌手术的罗清泉教授,微创手术量一直位居全国前列,罗教授紧握外科发展的方向,走的又快又稳。在内科方面,陆教授强调转化医学在肿瘤内科治疗的应用,要不断推动临床免疫学靶标的建立,推动精准医疗的落实。不断探索以基因医学、临床肿瘤免疫学为基础的个体化医疗,争取最大把握的治疗患者。
谈到肿瘤科在外科方面的人才优势,陆教授便与我们分享了他对年轻医生培养的看法。陆教授语重心长的说:“年轻医生首先要有‘医德’。要有一颗医者的仁心,愿意奉献,愿意全身心投入医学事业;其次,要有‘仁术’。这就要求管理者、导师为年轻人提供良好的学习环境,制定系统的培养计划,指引明确的研究方向。目标确定了,年轻人再不断学习、进步,这样才能有所得,才能培养出引领未来发展的优秀的人才。”
从“赶潮儿”到“弄潮儿”的跨越
肺癌治疗在这二十多年经历着巨大的更迭和创新。从1995年到2005年,研究学者不断发现不具个体化特征的化疗手段发展进程极为有限,并不是未来肿瘤治疗的方向。从2005年到2015年,具有特异性的靶向治疗成为肺癌治疗的主力军。从2015年至今,免疫治疗进入人们的视野,成为最新最具潜力的研究热点。作为肿瘤科主任,陆教授早在美国启动TCGA计划之时,就敏锐的感觉到基因组学开始进入临床,于是开始重视起基因组学的临床和转化研究,带领着科室开展了肺癌的个体化治疗研究。陆教授指出,化疗的“试错”时代已经过去,有关biomark的研究才是未来肺癌治疗的方向。
肿瘤科紧跟国际肺癌研究发展进程,做了大量与国际接轨的研究。陆教授和其团队在《P Natl Acad Sci USA》上发表了有关在体液样本中快速鉴定肿瘤细胞的新方法的文章。在研究中他们发现,相比于Veridex公司(Veridex公司是强生的一个子公司)的Cell search CTCs检测技术,这一新技术在循环肿瘤细胞检测中颇具优势。肿瘤科还参与了全球性的LUX-Lung 8研究,探讨了晚期肺鳞癌的标准二线治疗药物。这一研究作为美国的注册研究,胸科医院提供的患者数据接受了美国FDA的检查;也作为在中国取得适应症的研究,颇具研究价值。除此之外,在免疫辅助治疗方面,肿瘤科也参与了国际的多中心临床试验研究。依托上海胸科医院在肺癌领域探索的积淀,肿瘤科作为肺癌治疗研究的中心,科研是其重心,也承担了很多药物注册的研究。改变中国肺癌的标准治疗,改变指南,引领未来肺癌的发展是肿瘤科一直奋斗的目标。走向国际化,是中国临床研究的必然。
如果将中国肺癌的研究进程分成三个阶段,陆教授认为,从1999年到2009年,我们是肺癌领域的“赶潮儿”。在1999年前中国没有国家药监局,没有GCP原则,临床试验不符合国际规范。到了2009年,吴一龙教授和莫树锦教授将IPASS研究(吉非替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌的研究)结果发表在《N Engl J Med》上,拉开了肺癌的分子靶向治疗的新篇章,改变了全球肺癌的标准治疗,也让中国肺癌的研究开始进入快车道。在这个阶段中,我们在跟着先进的国家学习,还没有独立设计实验的思路,还没有话语权。放眼2009年到2019年这十年,我们是肺癌领域的“弄潮儿”。中国学者参与了很多国际重要研究方案的讨论,有的甚至开始担任主要研究者。2016年,吴一龙教授和莫树锦教授的关于奥希替尼(AZD9291)治疗吉非替尼耐药后T790突变的肺癌的研究AURA3再次登陆《N Engl J Med》,这表明中国肺癌治疗的探索和研究又向前迈进了一大步。
而2019年以后,陆教授坚定的说,我们将会成为肺癌领域的“领潮儿”。回首一路的探索,中国肺癌的临床实验和研究走了一条非常正确的道路。
认清差距,争做肺癌研究领域的“领潮儿”
多次赴国外进修的经验也让陆教授看到了国内肿瘤科和国外的差距:实验同临床的结合不足,诊断理念有待更新。国内一些肿瘤科室对于未来肿瘤领域的发展方向把控不准,科室的实验条件不完善,没有将实验深入到临床,创新条件还不够成熟。在诊断理念方面,国内内科肿瘤的治疗通常基于一次活检诊断。但最近《N Engl J Med》刊登了几篇有关肿瘤进化的重磅研究,这一概念的提出和深入探索,就要求我们在肿瘤治疗的过程中动态的观察其是否变化,怎样变化,该怎样治疗。而这一点,国内还没有形成系统清晰的理念。因此,在准确把握肺癌发展方向的基础上,我们要努力实现精准医疗。精准医疗重点在精准,落实在医疗。我们要以临床为中心,以临床需求为导向,致力于作出能够改变临床实践的研究,真正践行“from bench to bed,from bed to bench”这一理念。只要我们有足够好的理念,未来我们不仅会成为肺癌研究领域的大国,更会成为此领域的强国,成为“领潮儿”更是指日可待。
当问及对于 Shanghai Chest 这一期刊的期待,陆教授希望这本期刊能够借鉴和吸取国外优秀期刊的优点和长处,找到适合其发展的模式,脚踏实地,争取发表出高质量的文章,逐渐做出自己的特色,在胸科领域的期刊中能够有一席之地。
从“赶潮儿”到“弄潮儿”的超越,再到“领潮儿”的设想和信心,这三个词的变化见证了中国在肺癌领域治疗和临床研究的深刻变革,也目睹了陆教授等优秀的肿瘤科医生多年来攻坚克难,砥砺前行的执着。不忘初心,直面挑战,上海胸科医院肿瘤科定能够继续在国际上大放光彩,中国肺癌的诊治和研究定当日臻完善。
摘自:AME科研实践 采写编辑:刘黎畅 周丽桃 AME Publishing Company
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